Hello,
You queries have been answered in detail below,
How to make the featured images on the front of my site same as the home page?
This issue is quite unclear, maybe if you provide us a screenshot and your site URL we might be able to resolve your issue.
There seems to be no way to get back to the front page once I visit another page without typing the website address again.
You can add a Home link in your menu from Dashboard -> Appearance -> Menus -> Add a menu. Then add Custom Link to the menu which contains the link to your home page.
Hope it helps.
Best regards.